Director
Philip N. Howard is the team’s principal investigator. A professor and writer, he has written numerous empirical research articles, and published in a number of disciplines, on the use of digital media for both civic engagement and social control in countries around the world.
Philip N. Howard is a statutory Professor of Internet Studies at the Oxford Internet Institute and a Professorial Fellow at Balliol College at the University of Oxford. He has courtesy appointments as a professor at the University of Washington’s Department of Communication and as a Fellow at Columbia University’s Tow Center for Digital Journalism. He has held senior academic appointments at Stanford, Princeton, and Columbia Universities, and from 2013-15 he helped design and launch a new School of Public Policy at Central European University in Budapest. Recently he received a Consolidator Award from the European Research Council for his study of algorithms and public life. His projects on digital activism, information access, and modern governance in both democracies and authoritarian regimes have been supported by the National Science Foundation, US Institutes of Peace, and Intel’s People and Practices Group. He has published eight books and over 120 academic articles, book chapters, conference papers, and commentary essays on information technology, international affairs and public life. His research spans several disciplines, and he is among a small number of scholars who have won awards from all three major academic associations for his work in political science, sociology, and communication. He is the author, most recently, of Pax Technica: How the Internet of Things May Set Us Free or Lock Us Up. Howard’s research and commentary writing has been featured in the New York Times, Washington Post, and many international media outlets. His B.A. is in political science from Innis College at the University of Toronto, his M.Sc. is in economics from the London School of Economics, and his Ph.D. is in sociology from Northwestern University. His website is philhoward.org, and he tweets from @pnhoward. His PGP key can be found here.
Publications
Books
- Howard, P.N. (2020) Lie Machines How to Save Democracy from Troll Armies, Deceitful Robots, Junk News Operations, and Political Operatives. Yale University Press.
- Woolley, S.C. and Howard, P.N. (2019) Computational Propaganda Political Parties, Politicians, and Political Manipulation on Social Media. Oxford University Press, USA.
- Howard, P.N. (2015) Pax Technica How the Internet of Things May Set Us Free or Lock Us Up. Yale University Press.
- Various (2013) State Power 2.0: Digital Networks and Authoritarian Rule. London: Ashgate.
- Howard, P.N. (2013) Castells and the Media Theory and Media. John Wiley & Sons.
- Howard, P.N. and Hussain, M.M. (2013) Democracy's Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press on Demand.
- Howard, P.N. (2010) The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy Information Technology and Political Islam. Oxford University Press.
- Chadwick, A. and Howard, P.N. (2008) Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics. Routledge.
- Howard, P.N. (2006) New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen. Cambridge University Press.
- Howard, P.N. and Jones, S. (2003) Society Online The Internet in Context. SAGE Publications.
Chapters
- Howard, P. "Political parties online" In: The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam. OUP.
Journal articles
- Elswah, M. and Howard, P.N. (2020) ""Anything that Causes Chaos": The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)", JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION. 70 (5) 623-645.
- HOWARD, P., Neudert, L.-.M., BRADSHAW, S. and Kollanyi, B. (2020) "Sourcing and Automation of Political News and Information over Social Media in the United States, 2016-2018", Political Communication. 37 (2) 173-193.
- Neudert, L.-.M., Howard, P. and Kollanyi, B. (2019) "Sourcing and automation of political news and information during three European elections", Social Media and Society. 5 (3) 1-13.
- Bolsover, G. and Howard, P.H.I.L.I.P. (2019) "Chinese computational propaganda: automation, algorithms and the manipulation of information about Chinese politics on Twitter and Weibo", Information, Communication and Society. 22 (14) 2063-2080.
- HOWARD, P. and BRADSHAW, S. (2018) "The Global Organization of Social Media Disinformation Campaigns", Journal of International Affairs. 71 (1.5).
- Howard, P., Woolley, S. and Calo, R. (2018) "Algorithms, bots, and political communication in the US 2016 election: The challenge of automated political communication for election law and administration", Journal of Information Technology and Politics. 15 (2) 81-93.
- Bolsover, G. and Howard, P. (2017) "Computational Propaganda and Political Big Data: Moving Toward a More Critical Research Agenda", Big Data. 5 (4) 273-276.
- Howard, P., Savage, S., Flores-Saviaga, C., Toxtli, C. and Monroy-Hernández, A. (2017) "Social Media, Civic Engagement, and the Slacktivism Hypothesis: Lessons from Mexico’s “El Bronco”", Journal of International Affairs. 70 (1) 55-73.
- Howard, P. and Shorey, S. (2016) "Automation, Big Data and Politics: a research review", International Journal of Communication. 10 5032-5055.
- Howard, P. and Woolley, S.C. (2016) ""Political Communication, Computational Propaganda, and Autonomous Agents — Introduction"", International Journal of Communication. 10 (2016) 4882-4890.
- Howard, P. (2014) "Participation, Civics and Your Next Coffee Maker", Policy and Internet. 6 (2) 199-201.
- Hosman, L. and Howard, P. (2014) "Telecom Policy Across the Former Yugoslavia: Incentives, Challenges, and Lessons Learned", Journal of Information Policy. 4 67-104.
- Howard, P. and Hussain, M. (2013) "What Best Explains Successful Protest Cascades? ICTs and the Fuzzy Causes of the Arab Spring", International Studies Review. 15 (1) 48-66.
- Howard, P.N. and Parks, M.R. (2012) "Social Media and Political Change: Capacity, Constraint, and Consequence", JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION. 62 (2) 359-362.
- Howard, P. and Hussain, M. (2011) "Digital Media and the Arab Spring", Journal of Democracy. 22 (3) 35-48.
- Howard, P.N., Agarwal, S.D. and Hussain, M.M. (2011) "When Do States Disconnect Their Digital Networks? Regime Responses to the Political Uses of Social Media", The Communication Review. 14 (3) 216-232.
- Howard, P. and Massanari, A. (2011) "Information Technologies and Omnivorous News Diets Over Three U.S. Presidential Elections", Journal of Information Technology and Politics. 8 (2) 177-198.
- Howard, P.N. and Kreiss, D. (2010) "Political parties and voter privacy: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and United States in comparative perspective", First Monday. 15 (12).
- Kreiss, D. and Howard, P. (2010) "New Challenges to Political Privacy: Lessons from the First U.S. Presidential Race in the Web 2.0 Era", International Journal of Communication. 4 1032-1050.
- Howard, P., Busch, L. and Sheets, P. (2010) "Comparing Digital Divides: Internet Access and Social Inequality in Canada and the United States", Canadian Journal of Communication. 35 (1) 109-128.
- Howard, P. (2009) "Data Collection and Leakage", Chicago - Kent Law Review. 84 (3) 737-748.
- Howard, P., Anderson, K., Busch, L. and Nafus, D. (2009) "Sizing up Information Societies—Towards a Better Metric for the Cultures of ICT Adoption", The Information Society. 25 (3) 208-219.
- Howard, P.N. and Mazaheri, N. (2009) "Telecommunications Reform, Internet Use and Mobile Phone Adoption in the Developing World", WORLD DEVELOPMENT. 37 (7) 1159-1169.
- Erickson, K. and Howard, P. (2007) "A Case of Mistaken Identity? News Accounts of Hacker and Organizational Responsibility for Compromised Digital Records, 1980-2006", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12 (4) 1229-1247.
- Howard, P.N. and Smith, S. (2007) "Channeling Diversity in the Public Spectrum: Who Qualifies to Bid for Which FCC Licenses?", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 84 (2) 215-230.
- Howard, P. and Massanari, A. (2007) "Learning to Search and Searching to Learn: Income, Education and Experience Online", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12 (3) 846-865.
- Howard, P. (2007) "Testing the Leap-Frog Hypothesis: Assessing the Impact of Extant Infrastructure and Telecommunication Policy on the Global Digital Divide", Information, Communication and Society. 10 (2) 133-157.
- Howard, P.N. (2005) "Deep Democracy, Thin Citizenship: The Impact of Digital Media in Political Campaign Strategy", The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 597 (1) 153-170.
- Howard, P., Carr, J. and Milstein, T. (2005) "Digital Technology and the Market for Political Surveillance", Surveillance and Society. 3 (1) 59-73.
- Howard, P.N. (2003) "Digitizing the Social Contract: Producing American Political Culture in the Age of New Media", The Communication Review. 6 (3) 213-245.
- HOWARD, P.N. (2002) "Network Ethnography and the Hypermedia Organization: New Media, New Organizations, New Methods", New Media & Society. 4 (4) 550-574.
- Howard, P.E.N., Rainie, L. and Jones, S. (2001) "Days and Nights on the Internet: The Impact of a Diffusing Technology", American Behavioral Scientist. 45 (3) 383-404.
- Witte, J., Amoroso, L. and Howard, P. (2000) "Method and Representation in Internet-Based Survey Tools: Mobility, Community, and Cultural Identity in Survey2000.", Social Science Computer Review. 18 (2) 179-195.
- Howard, P. (1998) "The History of Ecological Marginalization in Chiapas", Environmental History. 3 (3) 357-377.
- Howard, P. (1997) "Development-Induced Displacement in Haiti", Refuge: Canada's periodical on refugees. 16 (3) 4-11.
Reports
- NIELSEN, R., FLETCHER, R., Newman, N., BRENNEN, J. and HOWARD, P. (2020) Navigating the ‘Infodemic’: How People in Six Countries Access and Rate News and Information about Coronavirus. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
- HOWARD, P., GANESH, B., LIOTSIOU, D., Kelly, J. and François, C. (2018) The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States, 2012-2018Project on Computational Propaganda. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Howard, P., Kollanyi, B., Bradshaw, S. and Neudert, L. (2017) "Social Media, News and Political Information during the US Election: Was Polarizing Content Concentrated in Swing States?" In: COMPROP data memo 2017.8. Oxford: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Howard, P., Kollanyi, B. and Neudert, L. (2017) "Junk News and Bots during the German Parliamentary Election: What are German Voters Sharing over Twitter?" In: COMPROP 2017.7. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Bradshaw, S. and Howard, P. (2017) "Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation" In: Computational Propaganda Research Project. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- McKelvey, F. and Dubois, E. (2017) Computational Propaganda in Canada: The Use of Political BotsComputational Propaganda Worldwide. Oxford, UK: Computational Propaganda Research Project.
- Arnaudo, D. (2017) "Computational Propaganda in Brazil: Social Bots During Elections" In: Computational Propaganda Research ProjectComputational Propaganda Research Project. Oxford, UK: Computational Propaganda Research Project.
- Gorwa, R. (2017) "Computational Propaganda in Poland: False Amplifiers and the Digital Public Sphere" In: omputational Propaganda Research Project Howard, P. and Woolley, S. (eds.). Oxford, UK: Computational Propaganda Research Project.
- Sanovich, S. (2017) Computational Propaganda in Russia: The Origins of Digital MisinformationComputational Propaganda Worldwide. Oxford, UK: Computational Propaganda Research Project.
- Bolsover, G. (2017) Computational Propaganda in China: An Alternative Model of a Widespread PracticeComputational Propaganda Worldwide. Oxford, UK: Computational Propaganda Research Project.
- Woolley, S. and Guilbeault, D. (2017) Computational Propaganda in the United States of America: Manufacturing Consensus OnlineComputational Propaganda Worldwide. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Howard, P. and Woolley, S. (2017) Computational Propaganda Worldwide: Executive Summary. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Howard, P., Kollanyi, B. and Woolley, S.C. (2016) "Bots and Automation over Twitter during the Third U.S. Presidential Debate" In: Bots and Automation over Twitter during the Third U.S. Presidential Debate: COMPROP data memo 2016.3. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Howard, P., Kollanyi, B. and Woolley, S.C. (2016) "“Bots and Automation over Twitter during the Second U.S. Presidential Debate: COMPROP data memo 2016.2"" In: “Bots and Automation over Twitter during the Second U.S. Presidential Debate: COMPROP data memo 2016.2". EU COMPROP project.
- Howard, P., Kollanyi, B. and Woolley, S.C. (2016) "“Bots and Automation over Twitter during the First U.S. Presidential Debate: COMPROP Data Memo 2016.1"" In: “Bots and Automation over Twitter during the First U.S. Presidential Debate: COMPROP Data Memo 2016.1". EU COMPROP project.
- Howard, P., Shorey, S., Woolley, S.C. and Guo, M. (2016) "“Creativity and Critique: Gap Analysis of Support for Critical Research on Big Data"" In: “Creativity and Critique: Gap Analysis of Support for Critical Research on Big Data". Project on Computational Propaganda.
- Howard, P. and Kollanyi, B. (2016) "Bots, #Strongerin, and #Brexit: Computational Propaganda During the UK-EU Referendum" In: COMPROP Research Notes. Political Bots.
- Howard, P., Forelle, M.C., Monroy-Hernandez, A. and Savage, S. (2015) "Political Bots and the Manipulation of Public Opinion in Venezuela" In: SSRN Electronic Journal. Elsevier BV.
Other
- BRENNEN, J., SIMON, F., HOWARD, P. and NIELSEN, R. (2020) Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 MisinformationRISJ Factsheets. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
- BRENNEN, J., SCHULZ, A., HOWARD, P. and NIELSEN, R. (2019) Industry, Experts, or Industry Experts? Academic Sourcing in News Coverage of AIRIJS Factsheets. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
- Howard, P., Bradshaw, S., Kollanyi, B., Desigaud, C. and Bolsover, G. Junk News and Bots during the French Presidential Election: What Are French Voters Sharing Over Twitter?.
- Howard, P., Bolsover, G., Kollanyi, B., Bradshaw, S. and Neudert, L. Junk News and Bots during the U.S. Election: What Were Michigan Voters Sharing Over Twitter?.
Working papers
- LIOTSIOU, D., Kollanyi, B. and HOWARD, P.N. (2019) The Junk News Aggregator: Examining junk news posted on Facebook, starting with the 2018 US Midterm Elections. arXiv.